These rocks are physically deformed and chemically changed due to. Csedimentary rock must melt before it can change to. A mineral is a naturally occurring substance that is solid and stable at room temperature, representable by a chemical formula. Metamorphic rock types are classified as originally either igneous or sedimentary, but their character has been changed by processes operating below the surface of the earth. Then, if sedimentary rocks are subjected to changes in temperature and pressure, the rocks may become metamorphic rocks. There are a variety of processes involved, and they are collectively described by the. Such a rock was first formed through the deposition and solidification of sediment. The students will then make a chart on the poster boards labeled metamorphic, igneous, and sedimentary. However, sedimentary rocks may also form in dry, desert environments or in association with glaciers. Sedimentary and metamorphic rocks last modified by. Metamorphic rocks are igneous, sedimentary, or preexisting metamorphic rocks that have been changed by great pressures and temperatures within the crust. A good introduction or revision plenary to this often confused topic. Textures and structures of metamorphic rocks and various mechanisms behind the formation of these textures. Under certain temperature and pressure conditions, the metamorphic rock will melt and form magma.
Metamorphic rocks never melt if they did they would become igneous magma. Glencoe science earth science chapter 6 sedimentary and. This new edition of petrogenesis of metamorphic rocks has several completely revised chapters and all chapters have updated references and redrawn. Then, if the magma cools, new igneous rock will form. This sciencestruck writeup lists a few facts about the composition of these rocks. Regional metamorphism is associated with the major events of earth dynamics, and the vast majority of metamorphic rocks are so produced. Igneous rocks are primary rocks and other rocks sedimentary and metamorphic form. Metamorphic rocks are some of the oldest on earth, are. Glencoe science earth science chapter 8 mass movements, wind, and galciers 19 terms. Those major rocks types are igneous rocks, sedimentary rocks, and metamorphic rocks. Appendix b classification of metamorphic and other compositegenesis rocks, including hydrothermally altered, impactmetamorphic, mylonitic, and cataclastic rocks version 1. Metamorphic rocks arise from the transformation of existing rock types, in a process called metamorphism, which means change in form. Rock property measurements and analysis of selected igneous. All chapters of part ii of the book have been rewritten.
This video discusses how to identify a metamorphic rocks. Geology 2 sedimentary and metamorphic rocks purpose in this, our final rock identification lab, we will be looking at sedimentary and metamorphic rocks. Elements combine chemically to form minerals how does this fit into our understanding of what rocks are. Igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks lesson plan. Amagma must be weathered before it can change to metamorphic rock. The constituent minerals of the rocks may be changed, or the shapes, may change. Depositional age, provenance and metamorphic age of metasedimentary rocks from southern madagascar article in gondwana research 21. Igneous rocks, sedimentary rocks and metamorphic rocks. The overall composition of a metasedimentary rock can be used to identify the original sedimentary rock, even. Igneous rocks metamorphic rocks sedimentary rocks basic.
Large rocks are broken down very gradually and the smaller pieces are transported by wind, water, and ice. Some form during mountainbuilding by forces of others from the heat of igneous intrusions in regional metamorphism others from the heat of igneous intrusions in contact metamorphism. Metamorphic rocks formed from parent sedimentary rocks are called parametamorphite e. Gold in igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks by robert s. A rock is a solid cumulative of minerals located in the earths lithosphere. Metamorphic rocks are best identified when looking at the rock as you see them in nature. Igneous rocks form when rocks are heated to the melting point which forms magma. Studies of metamorphic rocks provide insights into the physical.
To explain their origin, geologists draw analogies with what they can observe. Change is a result of pressure directed stress and heat solid state reaction no net change in chemistry ideally role of groundwater recrystallization of. The rocks are classified according to their properties. In other words, these are the rocks that are formed when the igneous and sedimentary rocks change their form under the following two circumstances. Metamorphic sedimentary igneous metamorphic sedimentary igneous. Total porosity values and both wateraccessible and helium accessible. Note the strong vertical fabric of the canyon wall.
Rocks are basically classified into igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks. The process of forming a metamorphic rock by altering a pre existing rock. Metamorphic rocks are the rocks formed from other rocks. All the rocks described in this spread are foliated. Any platy minerals they contain take on a preferred alignment known as foliation. Which characteristic of nonsedimentary rocks would a. Slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising.
The number of gold an a 1 y s e s made on common types of rocks is. The texture will be either foliated of nonfoliated and should. The greek word metamorphose which means change of form, is the root of the word metamorphic. A solid, cohesive aggregate of grains of one or more mineral. The word metamorphism comes from ancient greek words for change meta and form. The students will then cut out the pictures and facts of each rock and will be expected to glue each rock in its correct category. Difference between metamorphic rocks and sedimentary rocks. Metamorphic rock is formed underground through a process that changes a rock s molecular structure due to pressure, heat and chemical reactions. Also, the chapters introduction and grade have undergone several major changes. Rock collection and id chart 18 rocks igneous, metamorphic, sedimentary from dinosaurs rock.
Petrologythe study of the nature, composition, origin, and history of rocksis central to understanding earth history. Rocks are constantly modified by the action of different geological agents, such as water or wind, and by living beings. Have the students classify the rocks as igneous, sedimentary, or metamorphic, and then try to interpret the rock origins. Foliated rocks produced by regional metamorphism these rocks have all been affected by pressure, to some degree, during regional metamorphism. The sedimentary rocks from which marble and slate are formed. Rock cycle rocks do not remain in their original form for long but may undergo transformation. Under high temperature and pressure, the sediment becomes compacted. Rocks are formed on earth as igneous, sedimentary, or metamorphic rocks. Types of rocks sorting cardsthese beautiful cards make learning about types of rocks fun and easy. The rocks are the association of one or more minerals. Experiments suggest that the time involved is tens of millions of years. Rock cycle is a continuous process through which old rocks are transformed into new ones. Rocks in the earths crust can be broadly categorized in to three types.
They can form from sedimentary and igneous rocks, too. Metasedimentary and igneous rocks outcrop over the central portion of the map area designated as im on fig. Gold in lgneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks. They are sedimentary or igneous rocks that have undergone changes as a result of extreme pressure and heat. Right hornfels in thin section from a sedimentary protolith. Then, the rock was buried underneath subsequent rock and was subjected to high pressures and temperatures, causing the rock to recrystallize. According to the geological significance igneous and metamorphic rocks make up 9095% of the top 16 km of the earths crust by volume. Grade of metamorphism metamorphic grade is a general term for describing the relative temperature and pressure conditions under which metamorphic rocks form.
Exploring the etymology of sedimentary, igneous, and. Metamorphic rocks are an important topic in geology. Metamorphic rocks use of the metamorphic rock identification chart the identification chart on the following page will be used to identify metamorphic rocks in this exercise. A series of simple definition matching exercises linked to examination questions together with a powerpoint of the rock types.
Metasedimentary rock an overview sciencedirect topics. Metamorphic rock metamorphic rock regional metamorphism. In the present lecture, we shall go through another, but equally important class of rocks metamorphic rocks that are. Igneous rocks form from magma, which is not a rock since it is a fluid and sedimentary rocks lithify. Metamorphic rocks were once sedimentary, igneous, or another metamorphic rock. Rocks formed by the solid state alteration of pre existing rocks under the influence of heat pressure or chemically active fluids. In the previous two lectures we covered the nature and classification of igneous and sedimentary rocks. Sedimentary rocks are quite difficult to classify, as they have several different defining qualities the chemical makeup. A metamorphic rock forms from a parent rock called a protolith. A metamorphic rock used to be some other type of rock, but it was changed inside the earth to become a new type of rock. Nonfoliated metamorphic rocks do not have aligned mineral crystals. These are the rocks that form by the effects of heat, pressure, and shear upon igneous and sedimentary rocks. Igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks nurturing.
Metamorphic rocks metamorphic rocks rocks that have been subjected to either enough heat or pressure to cause the minerals in that rock to undergo solid state chemical changes. Glencoe science earth science chapter 6 sedimentary and metamorphic rocks. Geologist made this classification based on the geological process, which formed the given rocks. Bsediment must be compacted and cemented before it can change to sedimentary rock. Igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks science struck. The temperature deep inside the earth is much hotter. You can clearly see the deformation and features that are characteristic of an entire area. Lightcolored dikes and sills of igneous rock cut the metamorphic rocks. Depositional age, provenance and metamorphic age of. The lecture part of the course emphasizes igneous and metamorphic petrogenesis as determined through field and laboratory studies. Pdf igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks classfication.
For each specimen list the texture of the rock on the form for metamorphic rock determination. Naturally occurring not man made solid mixture of minerals other organic matter. The name defines their formation whereby meta means change and morph means form. Objectives university of nairobi personal websites. Metamorphic rocks are former igneous, sedimentary or metamorphic rocks that have changed their texture and composition. Igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rock flashcards. Similarly, those resulting from original igneous rocks are known as orthometamorphite say, formed from granite and granodiorite. Request pdf depositional age, provenance and metamorphic age of metasedimentary rocks from southern madagascar southern madagascar is the core of a 1million km2 gondwanan metasedimentary belt. Sedimentary rocks are formed from the cementing together of sediments, or from the compaction squeezing together of sediments, or from the recrystallization of new mineral grains which are larger than the original crystals. Thus coarse grained metamorphic rocks involve long times of metamorphism. Metamorphic rocks and processes metamorphism comes from the greek words meta change morphe form metamorphic rocks form by solidstate no melting transformation of preexisting rock by processes that take place beneath earths surface. As students of the planet earth, every geologist must have a solid foundation in petrology, regardless of specialization or interest. Examples of sedimentary, igneous and metamorphic rocks. Rocks are generally classified into three types on the basis of their origin and structure.
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